Will the Strait of Hormuz Finally Reopen?
There are many strategically vital waterways across the globe — from the Panama and Suez canals to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. Yet what makes the Strait of Hormuz uniquely important is not merely the sheer volume of goods and energy that pass through it, but the absence of any viable maritime alternative.
Other chokepoints may be bypassed, albeit at considerable cost. If the Suez Canal were inaccessible, for example, vessels could still reroute around Africa, adding roughly 8,000 kilometers to the journey. Hormuz is different. There is effectively no substitute route. While some policymakers have floated ideas on paper — including a hypothetical canal through Oman — no practical maritime alternative currently exists.
This singular position has magnified the disruption caused by the conflict in the Persian Gulf. Experts in the oil and gas sector warn that even if the strait were reopened today, it could take several months for global energy markets to return to pre-crisis conditions. For industries dependent on petrochemical feedstocks, the aftershocks could linger for more than a year.
That is why the immediate reopening of the Strait of Hormuz — and the restoration of lasting security there — has become an urgent global priority. Reopening the waterway could breathe life back into strained supply chains and restore a measure of calm to the world economy. But given the current tensions in the Middle East, is such an outcome realistic anytime soon?
Naval Pressure on Iran
In response to the closure of the strait, the United States launched a maritime containment operation against Iran. According to TankerTrackers, the campaign has effectively halted Iran's seaborne crude oil exports over the past month.
This marks a sharp contrast with March, when Iran was still able to export oil — primarily to China — despite the disruption in Hormuz. Now, that avenue appears closed. As a result, Tehran has gained a strong incentive to reopen the strait in exchange for relief from the naval blockade.
Iran's latest proposal to Washington reportedly focused on reopening the waterway while postponing the nuclear issue to future negotiations. But the proposal was publicly rejected by U.S. President Donald Trump.
In Washington's eyes, a phased agreement appears insufficient unless accompanied by broader progress on the nuclear file. If so, the reopening of Hormuz may ultimately become only one component of a larger peace framework between Iran and the United States.
But if a comprehensive agreement remains out of reach in the short term, what other options exist? Could any alternative scenario produce a stable and lasting reopening of the strait at a time when the global economy urgently needs normal shipping traffic restored?
"Operation Project Freedom"
On May 4, President Trump launched 'Operation Project Freedom', an initiative designed to reopen the Strait of Hormuz through U.S. naval escorts for commercial vessels.
A small number of ships — including at least one operated by the Danish shipping giant Maersk — managed to transit the strait under the operation. But the effort quickly escalated into military exchanges and damage to several vessels in the Persian Gulf. By the second day, Washington temporarily suspended the mission.
The operation underscored a critical reality: a purely military solution to reopening Hormuz may not be feasible.
The geography of the strait itself makes it extraordinarily difficult to secure by force. Its narrow width means that even limited military assets can disrupt maritime traffic if Iran remains determined to keep the passage closed. Under such conditions, coercive reopening efforts appear to have a low probability of success.
Britain and France have reportedly explored the possibility of forming an international coalition to safeguard shipping in the Gulf. Yet if such a coalition relies primarily on military force, it may face the same obstacles as Operation Project Freedom. Moreover, both countries have repeatedly stated that they do not wish to become entangled in another Middle Eastern war — though it remains unclear how a military strategy to reopen Hormuz could avoid precisely that outcome.
China's Limited Leverage
Disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz reverberate through global supply chains, giving nearly every major economy a stake in resolving the crisis — especially China.
At the beginning of the conflict, China continued benefiting from imports of more than 1.5 million barrels of Iranian oil per day. But the U.S. maritime blockade has largely eliminated that option.
As Iran's most important commercial and economic partner, China could theoretically exert greater influence over Tehran's strategic decisions. Yet it is difficult to imagine Beijing persuading Iran to fully accept the nuclear demands put forward by the Trump administration.
If the reopening of Hormuz becomes tied to U.S. nuclear demands, China's ability to broker a breakthrough may therefore remain limited. Perhaps for that reason, reports suggest that during his recent trip to China, the U.S. president discussed Iran with Chinese leader Xi Jinping but did not seek direct assistance on the issue.
Diplomacy May Be the Only Viable Path
If military action is both risky and unlikely to succeed, diplomacy inevitably becomes the central option.
The current situation benefits no one. Iran itself now has strong incentives to restore normal maritime traffic, particularly under the pressure of a naval blockade. Yet at the same time, achieving a comprehensive agreement that addresses the strait, Iran's nuclear program, and sanctions relief all at once appears unrealistic in the near term.
The red lines separating Tehran and Washington on nuclear and sanctions issues remain far apart. On the question of maritime access and the blockade, however, both sides may have greater room for compromise.
For that reason, growing international pressure for a preliminary understanding — one aimed first at stabilizing shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, while postponing broader disputes to future negotiations — could emerge as the most practical path forward.
Such an arrangement would not eliminate the risk of renewed disruption before a comprehensive settlement is reached. But under present circumstances, it may represent the best available option for lowering tensions and serving the interests of all parties involved.
Pouya Jabal Ameli Economist and former editor-in-chief of Donya-e-Eqtesad Daily